| Microscope |
| Stand | Upright:  Axio Imager.Z1m, Axio Imager.M1, Axio Examiner with tube or rear port
Inverted: Axio Observer.Z1 with side port or rear port |
| Z-Drive | Smallest increments:
Axio Imager.Z1, Axio Imager.M1 : < 25 nm
Axio Observer.Z1: < 25 nm
Axio Examiner : < 30 nm
fast Piezo objective or stage focus accessory, Definite Focus unit for stand |
| XY stage (option) | Motorized XY-scanning stage, with Mark & Find function (xyz) and Tile Scan (mosaic scan); smallest increments 1 μm (Axio Observer) or 0.2 μm (Axio Imager) |
| Accessories | Digital microscope camera AxioCam; integration of incubation chambers; micromanipulators; etc |
Scan Module |
| Models | Scanning module with 2, 3 or 34 spectral detection channels; high QE, 3 × lower dark noise; up to 10 individual, adjustable digital gains; prepared for lasers from V (405) to IR |
| Scanner | Two independent, galvanometric scan mirrors with ultra-short line and frame flyback |
| Scan resolution | 4 × 1 to 6144 × 6144 pixels; also for multiple channels; continuously variable |
| Scanning speed | 14 × 2 speed stages; up to 12.5 frames/sec with 256 × 256 pixels; 5 frames/sec with 512 × 512 pixels (max. 77 frames/sec 512 × 32); min 0.38 ms for a line of 512 pixels; up to 2619 lines per second |
| Scan zoom | 0.6 × to 40 ×; digital variable in steps of 0.1 (on Axio Examiner 0.67 × to 40 ×) |
| Scan rotation | Free rotation (360 degrees), in steps of 1 degree variable; free xy offset |
| Scan field | 20 mm field diagonal (max.) in the intermediate plan, with full pupil illumination |
| Pinholes | Master-pinhole pre-adjusted in size and postion, individually variable for multi-tracking and short wavelengths (e.g. 405 nm) |
| Beam path | Exchangeable TwinGate main beamsplitter with up to 50 combinations of excitation wavelengths and outstanding laser light suppression; optional laser notch filters for fluorescence imaging on mirror-like substrates (on request); outcoupling for external detection modules (e.g., FCS, B&H FLIM); low-loss spectral separation with Recycling Loop for the internal detection |
| Spectral detection | Standard: 2, 3 or 34 simultaneous confocal fluorescence channels with highly sensitive low dark noise PMTs; spectral detection range freely selectable (resolution down to 3 nm); additionally two incident light channels with APDs for imaging and single photon measurements; transmitted light channel with PMT; cascadable non-descanned detectors (NDD) with PMT or GaAsP NDD unit for Axio Examiner |
| Data depth | 8-bit, 12-bit or 16-bit selectable; up to 37 channels simultaneously detectable |
Laser Inserts |
Laser Inserts
(VIS, V) | Pigtail-coupled lasers with polarization preserving single-mode fibers; stabilized VIS-or direct modulation; up to 6 V/VIS-laser directly mountable into the scanhead; diode25 mW; Ar-laser (458, 488, 514 nm) 25 mW or 35 mW; HeNe-laser (543 nm) 1 mW; HeNe-laser (633 nm) 5 mW (pre-fiber manufacturer specification) |
External lasers
(NLO, VIS, V) | Prepared laser ports for system extensions; direct coupling of pulsed NIR lasers of various fast intensity control via AOM; NIR-optimized objectives and collimation; fiber coupling lasers of high power in the VIS range 488–561 nm (e.g., LSM 7 DUO-systems) |
Electronic Module |
| Realtime electronics | Control of the microscope, the lasers, the scan module and other accessory components; control of the data acquisition and synchronization by real-time electronics; oversampling read out logic for best sensitivity and 2 × better SNR; data communication between real-time electronics and user PC via Gigabit-Ethernet interface with the possibility of online data analysis during image acquisition |
| User PC | Workstation PC with abundant main and hard disk memory space; ergonomic, high-resolving 16:10 TFT flat panel display; various accessories; operating system Windows XP or VISTA (depending on availability); multi-user capable |
Standard Software (ZEN) |
| System configuration | Workspace for comfortable configuration of all motorized functions of the scanning module, the lasers and the microscope; saving and restoring of application-specific configurations (ReUse) |
| System self-test | Calibration and testing tool for the automatic verification and optimal adjustment of the system |
| Acquisition modes, Smart setup | Spot, line / spline, frame, z-stack, lambda stack, time series and all combinations (xyz l t); on-line calculation and display of ratio images; averaging and summation (line / framewise, configurable); step scan (for higher frame rates); smart acquisition setup by selection of dyes |
| Crop function | Convenient and simultaneous selection of scanning areas (zoom, offset, rotation) |
| RealROI scan, spline scan | Scanning of up to 99 arbitrarily shaped ROIs (Regions of Interest); pixel precise switching of the laser; ROI definition in z (volume); scan along a freely defined line |
| ROI bleach | Localized bleaching of up to 99 bleach ROIs for applications such as FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching) or uncaging; use of different speeds for bleaching and image acquisition; use of different laser lines for different ROIs |
| Multitracking | Fast change of excitation lines at sequential acquisition of multicolor fluorescence for reduction of signal crosstalk |
| Lambda scan | Parallel or sequential acquisition of image stacks with spectral information for each pixel |
| Linear unmixing | Generation of crosstalk-free multifluorescence images with simultaneous excitation; spectral unmixing – online or offline, automatically or interactively; advanced logic with reliability figure |
| Visualization | XY, orthogonal (xy, xz, yz); cut (3D section); 2.5D for time series of line scans; projections (maximum intensity); animations; depth coding (false colors); brightness; contrast and gamma settings; color selection tables and modification (LUT); drawing functions |
| Image analysis and operations | Colocalization and histogram analysis with individual parameters; profile measurements on any line; measurement of lengths, angles, surfaces, intensities etc; operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, ratio, shift, filtering (low pass, median, high-pass, etc; also customizable) |
| Image archiving, exporting & importing | Functions for managing of images and respective recording parameters; multi-print function;over 20 file formats (TIF, BMP, JPG, PSD, PCX, GIF, AVI, Quicktime, etc) for export |
Optional Software |
| LSM Image VisArt plus | Fast 3D and 4D reconstruction; animation (different modes: shadow projection, transparency projection, surface rendering); package 3D for LSM with measurement functions upon request |
| 3D deconvolution | Image restoration on the basis of calculated point-spread function (modes: nearest neighbor, maximum likelihood, constraint iterative) |
| Physiology / Ion concentration | Extensive analysis software for time series images; graphical mean of ROI analysis; online and off-line calibration of ion concentrations |
| FRET plus | Recording of FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) image data with subsequent evaluation; supports both the methods acceptor photobleaching and sensitized emission |
| FRAP | Wizard for recording of FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching) experiments with subsequent analysis of the intensity kinetics |
| Visual macro editor | Creation and editing of macros based on representative symbols for programming of routine image acquisitions; package multiple time series with enhanced programming functions upon request |
| VBA macro editor | Recording and editing of routines for the automation of scanning and analysis functions |
| Topography package | Visualization of 3D surfaces (fast rendering modes) plus numerous measurement functions (roughness, surfaces, volumes) |
| StichArt plus | Mosaic scan for large surfaces (multiple XZ profiles and XYZ stacks) in brightfield mode |
| ICS image correlation spectroscopy (PMT) | Single molecule imaging and analysis for all LSM 710 systems with PMT detectors (publ. by Gratton) |
| FCS / ConfoCor basic,diffusion, fitting | FCS and FCCS single molecule analysis for systems with ConfoCor 3 (APD) extension |
| FCS module PCH | Photon counting histogram extension for systems with ConfoCor 3 (APD) extension |