Episode 7: Armoured Ants and Metallic Mandibles!

Incredible materials can be discovered in the most unexpected of places. In nature, challenging environments have given rise to the development of strong, tough, and resilient micro-structures. Among these remarkable materials are the ones utilised by various species of leafcutter ants for defense and foraging purposes.

By employing advanced microscopy and characterisation techniques, we are able to unravel the intricate chemistry, structure, and properties that contribute to the success of these materials and organisms. Our research employs a range of correlative workflows, including X-ray microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, and nanoindentation.

Through the application of these techniques in collaboration with biophysicists at Imperial College London and microbiologists at McMaster University, we explore the zinc-rich mandibles of Atta cepholotes, investigate the muscle-packed heads of Atta vollenweideri using soft-tissue staining, and analyse the thin mineral armour that shields Acromyrmex octospinosus.

These investigations have unveiled fascinating findings, such as one of the most impressive bite-forces observed in nature and a material with the potential to inspire innovative protective coatings for lenses and screens. By delving into the unique characteristics of these ant materials, we can pave the way for future advancements in materials science and technology.

This presentation was recorded during the BioXRM symposium at the Museum of Natural History in London, October 2023.

Key Learnings:

• Investigation the anatomy of ants using X-ray microscopy​.
• Unterstanding the nanomechanics, the bite force of mandibles , the cutting action and how muscles in the ant head drive the mandibles​.
• Investigation of the Mg-rich, super-thin exo-sceleton using X-ray microscopy.