![阴道拭子 阴道拭子]({"xsmall":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.100.100.480,0,1920,1440.file/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg","small":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.360.360.480,0,1920,1440.file/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg","medium":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.768.768.480,0,1920,1440.file/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg","large":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1024.1024.480,0,1920,1440.file/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg","xlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1280.1280.480,0,1920,1440.file/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg","xxlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1440.1440.480,0,1920,1440.file/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg","max":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1440.1440.480,0,1920,1440.file/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg"})
法医学的显微镜应用
法医DNA分析
分析人类基因组DNA
DNA分析对执法工作产生了革命性的影响。该方法是将嫌疑人的DNA与直接从犯罪现场采集或从DNA联合索引系统(CODIS)等集中式数据库获取的遗传物质进行比较。对人类基因组DNA分析,根据其序列的变化可以直接进行个人鉴定和亲子鉴定。
通过对从法医物证中分离出的DNA进行分析,可以为样品来源鉴定提供宝贵信息。 DNA分析基于对一类称为“短串联重复序列”(简称为STR)的DNA多态性进行遗传分析。STR中的多态性是由于个体群体中可能出现的重复元素的副本数量不同所致。虽然该方法具有高度选择性,但样品采集极具挑战性,污染风险也很高。样品材料可以是任何其上发现带有生物物质的材料。
用于法医DNA分析的常见生物材料是体液,例如
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体视显微镜是样品研究中不可或缺的工具,它具有观察视野大、操作简单、良好的人体工程学设计和自然色彩再现等优势,可以对采集的各种样品进行快速可靠的生物材料检查和数字记录。现代电动变倍显微镜在执行人工调查时可提供更高的分辨率和自动化程度,包括荧光成像选项。专用荧光显微镜有助于检测细微的DNA痕迹,完善预调查样品的法医工作流程。对于无污染分离和进一步分子研究,激光捕获显微切割仪(LCM)无疑是重新获得微量生物材料的终极工具。
应用实例
使用蔡司Axioscope 5和Sperm Hyliter明场成像
![阴道拭子 阴道拭子]({"xsmall":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.100.75.file/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg","small":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.360.270.file/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg","medium":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.768.576.file/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg","large":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1024.768.file/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg","xlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1280.960.file/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg","xxlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1440.1080.file/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg","max":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original./fluorescence_vaginal-swab_sperm-hyliter_axioscope-5.jpg"})
使用蔡司Axioscope 5成像。由德国美因茨Galantos Genetics实验室的M. Schatzl和U. Schacker博士提供
![使用DAPI染色的精子细胞核 使用DAPI染色的精子细胞核]({"xsmall":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.100.75.file/fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg","small":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.360.270.file/fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg","medium":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.768.576.file/fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg","large":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1024.768.file/fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg","xlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1280.960.file/fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg","xxlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1440.1080.file/fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg","max":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original./fluorescence-dapi_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg"})
使用蔡司Axioscope 5成像。由德国美因茨Galantos Genetics实验室的M. Schatzl和U. Schacker博士提供
![使用Alexa染色的精子细胞核 使用Alexa染色的精子细胞核]({"xsmall":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.100.75.file/fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg","small":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.360.270.file/fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg","medium":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.768.576.file/fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg","large":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1024.768.file/fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg","xlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1280.960.file/fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg","xxlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1440.1080.file/fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg","max":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/forensics/fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original./fluorescence-alexa_sperm_axioscope_sample-1.jpg"})